By Kareem El-Assal and Shelby Thevenot
MONTREAL, Canada (CIC NEWS) – America’s temporary ban on immigration is set to come into effect later today, according to a Tweet by president Donald Trump.
Trump is expected to sign an executive order which will stop immigration to the US for 60 days.
Trump’s immigration ban is being criticized for having less to do with stopping the spread of coronavirus, and more to do with his own political agenda leading up to the presidential election this fall.
Cristobal Ramón, a senior policy analyst with the Bipartisan Policy Centre in the US, calls the move “purely political” given that the US was already processing fewer immigration applications as a result of COVID-19. This de facto pause in US immigration processing would, theoretically, have resolved itself in time without Trump’s intervention.
“He is trying to come up with a narrative that allows him to assert control over the way people are perceiving his response to COVID-19 and I think what we’re seeing is that there is no coherent narrative,” Ramón told CIC News. “He is trying to find whatever works in order to stave off criticism.”
He also says the president’s move lacks intentionality in its approach, implementation, and messaging.
Canada will not be adopting any similar immigration suspension, according to a Radio-Canada report.
Despite the havoc the coronavirus has wreaked onto the global economy, Canada still recognizes that immigration supports the labour market and the country’s economic growth.
Though Canada has also enacted temporary restrictions on foreign travel as part of its efforts to stop the spread of coronavirus, applications for permanent residence are still being approved and the government is still holding immigration draws to invite more people to submit permanent residence applications.
Canada’s per capita immigration intake triple that of US
Canada welcomes three times as many immigrants on a per capita basis than the US.
Canada has a population of about 38 million and is now welcoming around 340,000 immigrants per year (0.9 percent of its population).
The US has a population of some 330 million and welcomes around 1.1 million immigrants per year (0.3 percent of its population).
Nearly 60 percent of Canada’s immigrants arrived under the economic class, followed by 26 percent under the family class, and 14 percent as refugees.
The US admits about ten percent of its immigrants under the economic class, 70 percent under the family class, and 20 percent as refugees.
Canadian provinces have more immigration powers than U.S. states
Immigration is a matter of shared federal-provincial jurisdiction under Canada’s constitution. This enables the provinces and territories to manage their own immigration programs so they can welcome newcomers that meet their economic needs.
Just like Canada, the US, is a federation, and while US states have strong powers under the country’s constitution, they do not have the authority to welcome immigrants.
This distinction is important because whereas in Canada, the federal government cannot restrict immigration without facing pressure from the provinces and territories, the US federal government has full authority over the country’s immigration system and does not need to respond to the desire of certain states to welcome more immigrants to address labour shortages.
US government gridlock
Another major difference between Canada and the US when it comes to immigration is their political systems. Canada has a parliamentary system of government, which means that a federal political party that wins a majority or a strong minority has significant control over the country’s policies. This enables Canada to enact new immigration policies and plans fairly easily.
On the other hand, the US has a presidential system, whereby power is shared equally between the president, congress, and senate. This has resulted in political gridlock in many policy areas, including in immigration since the three branches of government need to reach consensus on major issues before enacting new policies and plans.
Both the Democrats and Republicans have long agreed that US immigration reform is necessary, but remain unable to agree on the nature of the reform.
Canada has more control over its borders which is critical for public support
Perhaps the biggest difference between the two countries is their ability to manage irregular migration.
Given that control over who enters one’s country is critical to maintaining public support for immigration, Canada tends to have higher levels of public support for newcomers than the US.
Prior to coronavirus, Canada had seen higher levels of irregular migration than in recent history, with thousands of asylum-seekers crossing the Canada-US border.
However, Canada’s asylum figures pale in comparison to the US, which has long had high levels of irregular migrants crossing into the country from its southern border in pursuit of refuge and economic opportunity.
As a result, whereas immigration debates in the US are dominated by discussions on national security, Canadian immigration debates tend to centre around how to enhance the economic benefits of immigration.
Canada’s unwavering commitment to immigration during coronavirus pandemic
Despite the special immigration and travel measures Canada has also implemented in response to COVID-19, the country continues to demonstrate its commitment to the 2020-2022 Immigration Levels Plan that it announced in March 2020.
Canada is still allowing exempt immigrants, international students, and temporary foreign workers to enter the country. It has also announced more lenient measures to help accommodate immigration applicants who are not able to submit their complete documentation to the federal government because of coronavirus-related disruptions.
Perhaps the biggest indication of Canada’s resounding commitment to welcoming immigrants, even despite the coronavirus pandemic, is that both the federal government and provinces continue to hold immigration draws to invite successful candidates to apply for Canadian permanent residence:
- Express Entry draws took place on April 16 and April 15
- BC had a Provincial Nominee Program draw on April 16
- Two Express Entry draws took place on April 9
- BC announced three PNP draws on April 6 and 7, and March 30
- Alberta had two PNP draws on April 1 and 14
- Saskatchewan had a PNP draw on March 26
- Manitoba also hosted a draw on March 26
- A federal Express Entry draw took place on March 23
- Alberta hosted a PNP draw on March 18
- An Express Entry draw was held on March 18
Four reasons why Canada won’t halt immigration
Despite the unprecedented times we live in, there are four major reasons why Canada will not halt immigration:
History: Canada is a country that was built by immigrants and its Indigenous peoples. Canada’s history of accommodating people from around the world continues to guide its efforts to accommodate newcomers so they can continue to support Canada’s economic and social vibrancy.
Geography: Canada’s geography is favourable when it comes to immigration since it can exercise strong control over who can enter the country. As mentioned above, this allows Canada to have high levels of public support for immigration and continue to welcome high levels of immigration.
Policy: Stakeholders across Canada recognize immigration is critical to sustaining its high living standards. Canada has an aging population and low birth rate, which is constraining its economic growth and creating fiscal pressures. As a result, immigrants are predominantly welcomed under the economic class to stimulate Canada’s economy and support its fiscal standing. Stakeholders work together to enact various policies to support the welcoming of immigrants and the integration of newcomers into Canadian society.
Politics: Immigrants account for over 20 percent of Canada’s population and many citizens are second, third, and fourth-generation Canadians. Given that immigrants mostly reside in Canada’s largest cities, Canadian political parties usually need to appeal to immigrants in order to win power.
This article originally appeared on CIC NEWS on April 22, 2020.
