TORONTO, Canada – The Bank of Canada today held its target for the overnight rate at 2.25 percent, with the bank rate at 2.5 percent and the deposit rate at 2.20 percent.
Canada’s economy is showing signs of improvement. Growth is picking up, and inflation is projected to ease gradually from its recent spike. There are still important risks and uncertainties related to the war in the Middle East and US trade policy.
Since the April Monetary Policy Report (MPR), global economic prospects have been dented by higher oil prices stemming from the Middle East conflict. At the same time, the build-out of artificial intelligence (AI) is supporting economic activity in a growing number of countries. Oil prices are still lower than their peak in April but the situation in the Middle East remains volatile. The path for global inflation is highly dependent on how the conflict unfolds.
The US economy is growing at about 2½ percent, mostly because of strong consumption and booming AI investment. China’s economy is expanding solidly thanks to robust exports. Economic activity in the euro area has been weighed down by high energy prices, but is expected to strengthen in the second half of the year if energy prices come down as anticipated.
The bank projects global GDP growth will slow to 2¾ percent in 2026, mostly because of the effects of the Middle East conflict, and recover to around 3¼ percent in 2027 and 2028.
Financial conditions in Canada have eased since April, and global equity markets have been buoyant. US bond yields have risen, while those in Canada are little changed. This differential has contributed to the depreciation of the Canadian dollar.
Canada’s GDP data over the past year was choppy and growth stalled as the economy adjusted to new tariffs, high uncertainty and slower population growth. Labour market conditions have remained soft, reflecting ongoing economic slack. The unemployment rate was 6.5 percent in June and has hovered in a range of 6½ -7 percent since the end of 2024. There are clear signs that economic growth has resumed in the second quarter, with growth estimated at 2½ percent. While this largely reflects the unwinding of temporary factors, sources of economic growth appear to be broadening.
Recent indicators point to continued solid consumer spending. Housing activity has been weak but looks to be stabilising. Export growth has resumed and is expected to continue to strengthen, albeit on a lower path. Business investment is projected to pick up modestly, boosted in the near term by the oil and gas sector. Although the Canada-US-Mexico Agreement is now subject to annual reviews, more businesses report they are finding ways to navigate through the uncertainty. Government spending also contributes to higher economic activity over the projection.
Following GDP growth of 0.7 percent in 2026, the Bank projects the economy will grow by 1.8 percent in both 2027 and 2028. As the recovery proceeds, economic slack will be gradually absorbed.
CPI inflation rose further to 3.2 percent in May, mainly because of higher gasoline prices linked to the war in the Middle East. Excluding gasoline, inflation was 2.2 percent and measures of core inflation remained close to 2 percent. Near-term inflation expectations are sensitive to changes in gasoline prices, but longer-term inflation expectations remain well anchored. War-related cost pressures are still working their way through some consumer prices but are being offset by downward pressure on other prices from continued economic slack. CPI inflation is expected to stay elevated in June and then ease gradually in the coming months, returning to around 2 percent in early 2027, although this forecast is dependent on the path for oil and gasoline prices. Inflation is forecast to average around 2 percent in 2027 and 2028, albeit with some monthly fluctuations because of base-year effects.
Governing Council judges the current policy rate remains appropriate to sustain the economic recovery and bring inflation back to the 2 percent target, in line with the MPR projections. Uncertainty is still high. Governing Council will continue to assess the strength of the Canadian economy and the outlook for inflation, and is prepared to adjust monetary policy as needed. The bank is committed to maintaining Canadians’ confidence in price stability through this period of global upheaval.